En este trabajo se indaga en el comportamiento de la atenuación en los verbos que expresan duda, presentes en el corpus AMERESCO de conversaciones coloquiales de Santiago de Chile. Se describen las funciones de la atenuación de estos verbos de acuerdo con (1) el tipo de acto de habla, (2) la actividad de imagen y (3) algunas características sintáctico-discursivas. Los principales hallazgos demuestran que la atenuación se manifiesta a través de verbos doxásticos (_creer_, _parecer_, _cachar_, etc.), verbos modales (_poder_, _deber_) (...) y el verbo “saber” con polaridad negativa (“_no sé_”). Esta surge cuando se presenta lo dicho como una duda, bien para suavizar una opinión contraria o crítica, en cuyo caso su significado es de opinión, bien para informar sobre un estado de cosas, cuando su significado es epistémico. En el reconocimiento de su carácter atenuante, resultan clave el tipo de acto de habla en el que ocurren, el rol proyectado por el hablante en la conversación, la gestión de las imágenes y sus características sintáctico-discursivas, elementos que determinan si estas construcciones verbales expresan mayor o menor atenuación. (shrink)

Dentro de la filosofía de Mainländer, la nada posee un rol fundamental. La nada posee un sentido teleológico regulativo, es decir, es el fin o meta del universo, como resultado del primer movimiento: la muerte de Dios. Para comprender cómo este autor llega a plantear dicha tesis, es necesario sondear los pasos previos que confluyen en tal conclusión. Por ello, algunos de los aspectos centrales de esta filosofía serán expuestos en este artículo, con el fin de comprender la fundamentación de (...) esta propuesta. Y así, finalmente aclarar el rol excepcional que se le atribuye en este pensamiento a la nada. (shrink)

Resumen:La filosofía ofrece múltiples ópticas para considerar el curso de la historia de la humanidad, perspectivas que van desde lo epistemológico hasta lo metafísico. Entre aquellas posibilidades interpretativas se encuentra el juego, específicamente la concepción antropológica del ser humano en tanto homo ludens –tema ya trabajado por Holzapfel en una obra previa–. A partir de dicha concepción lúdica del ser humano es posible analizar la dialéctica de los diversos tipos de juegos en el desarrollo histórico. La presente obra constituye una (...) invitación a recorrer el despliegue del homo ludens hasta las repercusiones de su desregulación agonal (juego de competencia) en nuestros días, proponiendo una solución lúdica a la crisis actual. (shrink)

A partir de una presentación sistemática de los aspectos fundamentales de la teoría freudiana de la sexualidad, sus remanentes aristotélicos y la denegación del carácter material de la libido femenina el presente artículo tiene por objetivo tensionar el imperio del falo. Para ello, se reconstruye, inicialmente, la supuesta naturaleza masculina de la libido y como Freud repite, a su modo, los planteamientos de Aristóteles respecto de la figura del macho mutilado. Enseguida, el artículo se enfrenta a la aproximación misógina de (...) Freud respecto del clítoris y, por medio de su reivindicación, propone la deconstrucción del carácter fálico de la sexualidad. Finalmente, se muestra que el problema de Freud para pensar la sexualidad femenina es su imposibilidad de hacer el duelo del padre. Palabras clave: Sexualidad, falo, envidia del pene, clítoris, libido, nombre del padre. (shrink)

Avanzar hacia un pensamiento de la materialidad que no tenga por finalidad definir un modo de ser de la materia, no es tarea fácil. Sin embargo, en el contexto de una lectura estereográfica de Jacques Derrida y Werner Hamacher se pretende experimentar la materialidad como la venida de un elemento imposible, indecidible y anárquico que, al objetar la pregunta por la esencia, se inscribe en el sistema especulativo para trastornarlo y desencadenar en, y desde él, un «razonamiento bastardo» capaz de (...) atravesar las envolturas con que la metafísica había separado en lo inteligible mismo lo empírico de lo trascendental. (shrink)

Rastrear en la escritura de Jacques Derrida la existencia de un pensamiento otro de la materialidad no es tarea sencilla. Sin embargo, es la tarea que se propone delinear, al menos en sus coordenadas generales, el presente artículo. Ello, inicialmente, implicaría seguir una serie de elementos propios de la tradición presocrática que estarían inscritos a modo de huellas en la escritura deconstructiva. En tal sentido, nociones como las de átomo, vacío y movimiento serán consideradas, en diversos momentos del presente texto, (...) en el marco de una interpretación contemporánea de la divisibilidad y fragmentación de lo existente. A partir de estas consideraciones y su relación con la escritura en el pensamiento de la deconstrucción se sostendrá el carácter cuasi-trascendental de la materia. (shrink)

El objetivo de este ensayo es abrir un conjunto de preguntas en torno a la materialidad del pensamiento, sin que ello signifique, a fin de cuentas, establecer una teoría materialista que actúe en desmedro de las ideas. Tampoco se trata, como observará el lector, de reivindicar una teoría de las ideas contra la materia. Lo que se pretende, considerando una contaminación cruzada entre lo sensible y lo inteligible, es rastrear otra verdad para aquello que ha sido considerado, especialmente por el (...) platonismo en sus diversas configuraciones, como lo inesencial frente al andamiaje trascendental de las ideas. En consecuencia, y a partir de un acercamiento pre-liminar, lo que se busca es permitir que los datos sensibles resuenen al interior de lo inteligible, y que lo hagan, además, de un modo no dialectizable. (shrink)

Dentro del organigrama de la industria musical, las casas discográficas y emisoras radiales generan su dependiente relación por medio de la música grabada. En nuestro país, entre los años 1964-67, los sellos fonográficos nacionales lograron que muchos de sus artistas fueran invitados a las estaciones radiales por los disc-jockeys más famosos para promocionar sus discos. No obstante, se produjeron constantes discusiones y polémicas cuando las radios no difundieron, o bien, silenciaron muchos registros discográficos de intérpretes criollos, puesto que consideraron que (...) las casas disqueras plasmaron mucha música que no merecía ser editada. Las emisoras radiales se defendieron argumentando que, prácticamente,no valía la pena ser dueño de un pequeño sello discográfico, ni invertir en promoción, ni conseguir discos de éxito cuando sus artistas no podían demostrar su talento en directo. En otras palabras, las radios chilenas exigieron calidad integral al artista nacional: hit radial y presentación en vivo. (shrink)

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre los escenarios de posibilidad que existen en las aulas y en la enseñanza de la historia y las ciencias sociales desde dos perspectivas. Se cuestiona, desde la perspectiva de la investigación de Marolla (2016), el contenido de los discursos del profesorado chileno sobre la inclusión y la enseñanza de la historia. Los discursos se contrastan con investigaciones realizadas sobre el contenido de las fuentes judiciales de la ciudad de Concepción y los roles de las mujeres. (...) Se reflexiona en torno a los espacios y las herramientas que existen desde la didáctica para generar innovaciones y transformaciones a las desigualdades que existen por razones de género. El contenido de los discursos ha sido analizado bajo una metodología cualitativa a través de un estudio de casos. Los archivos judiciales han sido analizados bajo una metodología cualitativa descriptiva. Lo fundamental es el poder visualizar que existen espacios y caminos para generar innovaciones didácticas. (shrink)

An unanswered question on the making of Pedagogy of the Oppressed is when, where and how this book was written, edited, and published. The Preface of the original Portuguese handwritten manuscript is dated in Chile by 1967. Some scholars imply that the manuscript was finished sometime in March or April 1969. By then, Freire had left Chile and three of his books had been published by the Institute of Research and Training in Agrarian Reform, ICIRA. Freire himself had already committed (...) the English translation, from the original Portuguese manuscript with Herder & Herder in New York, together with the Spanish translation published by Tierra Nueva in Uruguay. This book explores the ways in which Freire's time and work in Chile proved to be decisive in the making of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, widely considered one of the most important books on critical pedagogy and adult learning and education in the twentieth century. The scope is confined to Paulo Freire's years of political exile in Chile, from late November 1964 to mid-April 1969. It builds upon evidence provided by scholarly research to answer four questions. What did Paulo Freire do during his years of exile in Chile. In which institutional contexts did he develop his pedagogical methods and political ideas? How was his literacy training method and participatory research approach shared throughout Latin America and the rest of the world? To what extent did his exile in Chile influence a paradigm shift in literacy training and adult education? (shrink)

La escuela desde sus concepciones de formación debe asumir una posición clara que considere las perspectivas y los estudios de género tanto para la construcción de los programas, los discursos y las prácticas que se producen y se reproducen en tales espacios. La didáctica de las ciencias sociales es un área fundamental, que permite entregar las herramientas para reflexionar y promover prácticas que contribuyan a la justicia social frente a la violencia contra las mujeres. En el presente escrito, nos enfocamos (...) en algunas reflexiones que ha realizado el profesorado de didáctica de las ciencias sociales, en especial, sobre las ventajas y las limitaciones con que se encuentran al incluir y trabajar con las mujeres y sus problemas. La metodología que se ha utilizado es un estudio colectivo de casos. El estudio da cuenta que existe un compromiso y preocupación por el tratamiento de las problemáticas de las mujeres en las aulas. (shrink)

This paper presents a simple argument against life being the product of design. The argument rests on three points. We can conceive of the debate in terms of likelihoods, in the technical sense – how probable the design hypothesis renders our evidence, versus how probable the competing Darwinian hypothesis renders that evidence. God, as traditionally conceived, had many more options by which to bring about life as we observe it than were available to natural selection. That is, the relevant parameters (...) were, in many cases, far more constrained under natural selection. Utterly mundane features of the world, like that the earth is very old, are actually powerful evidence that the world was not designed, since that outcome was optional on the design hypothesis but nearly inevitable on natural selection. (shrink)

What makes trust such a powerful concept? Is it merely that in trust the whole range of social forces that we know play together? Or is it that trust involves a peculiar element beyond those we can account for? While trust is an attractive and evocative concept that has gained increasing popularity across the social sciences, it remains elusive, its many facets and applications obscuring a clear overall vision of its essence. In this book, Guido Möllering reviews a broad range (...) of trust research and extracts three main perspectives adopted in the literature for understanding trust. Accordingly, trust is presented as a matter of reason, routine or reflexivity. While all these perspectives contribute something to our understanding of trust, Möllering shows that they imply, but cannot explain, ‘suspension’ – the leap of faith that is typical of trust. He therefore proposes a new direction in trust research that builds on existing perspectives but places the suspension of uncertainty and vulnerability at the heart of the concept of trust. Beyond a purely theoretical line of argument, the author discusses implications for empirical studies of trust and presents original case material that captures the experience of trust in terms of reason, routine, reflexivity and suspension. Möllering concludes by suggesting how the new approach can enhance the relevance of trust research and its contributions to broader research agendas concerning the constitution of positive expectations in the face of prevalent uncertainty and change at various levels in our economies and societies. The book is essential reading for anyone who wants to gain a thorough understanding of trust. It can serve as a general introduction for advanced students and scholars in the social sciences, especially in economics, sociology, psychology and management. For more experienced researchers, it is a challenging and provocative critique of the field and a new approach to understanding trust. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil. ABSTRACT The article explores whether there is any solid basis for attributing to Leonardo da Vinci the priority in formulating the simile that leads to (...) conceiving the eye as a camera obscura. Here, a pessimistic position is defended, however, the article highlights some of Leonardo's contributions to the consolidation of the simile. (shrink)

Analytic Philosophy: An Interpretive History explores the ways interpretation shaped the analytic tradition, from Frege to Dummet. It offers readers 17 chapters, written especially for this volume by an international cast of leading scholars. Some chapters are devoted to large, thematic issues like the relationship between analytic philosophy and other philosophical traditions such as British Idealism and phenomenology, while other chapters are tied to more fine-grained topics or to individual philosophers, like Moore and Russell on philosophical method or the history (...) of interpretations of Wittgenstein’s _Tractatus_. Throughout, the focus is on interpretations that are crucial to the origin, development, and persistence of the analytic tradition. The result is a more fully formed and philosophically satisfying portrait of analytic philosophy. (shrink)

It is natural for those with permissive attitudes toward abortion to suppose that, if they have examined all of the arguments they know against abortion and have concluded that they fail, their moral deliberations are at an end. Surprisingly, this is not the case, as I argue. This is because the mere risk that one of those arguments succeeds can generate a moral reason that counts against the act. If this is so, then liberals may be mistaken about the morality (...) of abortion. However, conservatives who claim that considerations of risk rule out abortion in general are mistaken as well. Instead, risk-based considerations generate an important but not necessarily decisive reason to avoid abortion. The more general issue that emerges is how to accommodate fallibilism about practical judgment in our decision-making. (shrink)

The authors of this volume — all of them recognized representatives of a wide range of academic disciplines — agree that Locke’s work must have had a considerable influence both on English and German literature and the visual arts of Great Britain, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. From the perspective of interdisciplinarity and intertextuality, the essays presented here deal with Locke as a source of ideas for Archibald Alison, John Constable, Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, Oliver Goldsmith, Johann Timotheus (...) Hermes, William Hogarth, Immanuel Kant, Martin Knutzen, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, George Lillo, Edward Moore, Johann Gottwerth Müller, Joshua Reynolds, Samuel Richardson, John Ruskin, Joseph Spence, Laurence Sterne, J. M. W. Turner and Thomas Whately, among others. (shrink)

Empirical evidence indicates that bereaved spouses are surprisingly muted in their responses to their loss, and that after a few months many of the bereaved return to their emotional baseline. Psychologists think this is good news: resilience is adaptive, and we should welcome evidence that there is less suffering in the world. I explore various reasons we might have for regretting our resilience, both because of what resilience tells us about our own significance vis-à-vis loved ones, and because resilience may (...) render us incapable of comprehending how things really stand, valuewise. I also compare our actual dispositions to extreme alternatives (“sub-resilience” and “super-resilience”), and consider whether we might endorse (plain) resilience as a kind of mean. (shrink)

El aburrimiento profundo fue para Cioran una experiencia fundamental que marcó su vida y obra. Este artículo explora la relación que existe entre el aburrimiento profundo, la caída en el tiempo cioraniana y la revelación lúcida del sinsentido universal. Para iniciar el itinerario de esta exploración, se comienza por contextualizar sucintamente el estilo y las obsesiones de Cioran. En segundo término, se contrastará la percepción y consciencia del tiempo entre los individuos integrados en él y los que han caído por (...) debajo, a una eternidad negativa. En tercer lugar, se analizará la experiencia del aburrimiento profundo a la que desembocan los caídos del tiempo, en dicho estancamiento existencial se revela lúcidamente el sinsentido. Por último, se enfatizará en la valoración positiva que tendrá Cioran del aburrimiento, reconociendo sus beneficios como una instancia de máximo desengaño que sirve de preámbulo a la creación escritural para denunciar sus revelaciones. (shrink)

En la historia intelectual de América Latina existe una laguna respecto a la producción de las mujeres en el género de ensayo. Son los ensayos de identidad criolla, de hechura masculina, los que construyen el canon respecto a las temáticas y a las maneras de ser abordado. Los ensayos de género que las escritoras han realizado se articulan como respuesta a esta visión dominante de los procesos sociales, políticos y culturales de los países latinoamericanos. Revelan un fuerte descontento con la (...) construcción de la identidad femenina, una preocupación por la construcción de una ciudadanía plena y representan una respuesta a las demandas sociales políticas y culturales de las mujeres y otros grupos marginales. Las intelectuales debatieron, discutieron y polemizaron con las propuestas que al respecto portaban los discursos dominantes y el ensayo de género se vuelve el “arma de combate”. Lo que aquí se presenta, tiene como objetivo la recuperación de este corpus de conocimiento en la historia literaria de Cuba, Puerto Rico y República Dominicana. Una labor de arqueología literaria de temas, obras y autoras a partir del siglo XX. Se brinda, a partir del libro Mujeres ensayistas del Caribe Hispano: Hilvanando el silencio (2007) deAnna Freire Ashbaugh, Lourdes Rojas y Raquel Romeu, una visión panorámica del conjunto de ensayistas de cada país. Otras investigadoras como Catharina Vallejo, Ivette Sóñora, Carmen Dolores Hernández y Consuelo Meza Márquez ampliaran ese corpus y señalan algunos rasgos temáticos de la obra ensayística de autoras como Luisa Campuzano, Mirta Yáñez, Nara Araujo, Marta Núñez Sarmiento y Zaida Capote Cruz de Cuba; Concha Meléndez, Rosario Ferré, Norma Valle Ferrer, Nara Negrón Marreño y Silvia Álvarez Curbelo de Puerto Rico; y, de República Dominicana, Camila Henríquez Ureña, Carmita Landestoy, Carmen Durán y Rosa Inés Curiel Pichardo. (shrink)

Applying the solutions defined in the axiomatic bargaining theory to actual bargaining problems is a challenge when the problem is not described by its Utility Possibility Set (UPS) but as a social choice environment specifying the set of alternatives and utility profile underlying the UPS. It requires computing the UPS, which is an operational challenge, and then identifying at least one alternative that actually achieves the bargained solution’s outcome. We introduce the axioms of Independence of Non-Strongly-Efficient Alternatives (resp. Weakly) and (...) Independence of Redundant Alternatives. A solution satisfying these axioms can be applied to a simplified problem based on any reduced set of alternatives generating the strong (resp. weak) Pareto frontier of the initial problem, without changing the outcome, making the application of bargaining solutions to actual problems easier. We compare our axioms to usual independence axioms, and discuss their consistency with usual bargaining solutions. Then, we introduce monotonicity conditions corresponding to the existence of an interest group, i.e., agents ranking the alternatives in the same order. For such monotonic social choice environments, we provide a parameterized family of alternatives that generates the Pareto frontier of the bargaining problem, in line with our previous results. Our analysis illustrates that an axiomatic approach can be useful to foster the application of bargaining solutions, in complement to usual computational methods. (shrink)

La propuesta heideggeriana sobre la destinación técnica del Ser (das Ge-stell) tiene innumerables repercusiones que impactan en el modo de existir contemporáneo; sin embargo, en el último tiempo se ha destacado cierta corriente de pensamiento que pretende delimitar las formas de vida futura: el transhumanismo. Si bien Heidegger nunca se refirió explícitamente a este término, cabe pensar cierta articulación entre ambos, a saber, considerar el transhumanismo como última consecuencia de la destinación técnica del Ser advertida por Heidegger. La presente investigación (...) busca comprender esta relación desde un problema en común: la muerte humana, la cual es abordada de distinta manera por el transhumanismo y por Heidegger. Por lo tanto, se explorarán dos facetas de este asunto capital, mostrando cómo el transhumanismo pretende eliminar la muerte para la humanidad futura, y cómo Heidegger sostiene que resulta necesario salvaguardar la muerte para habitar genuinamente el mundo en medio de la era técnica. (shrink)

Since the judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the “case of Dominican and Haitian people with the Dominican Republic” it has been discussed with greater intensity if the Inter-American Court should begin to use the doctrine of the margin of appreciation in the inter-American space. At this address writers write about the authority and legitimacy of the Inter-American Court - and international courts in general - to resolve difficult cases and condemn states for violation of human rights (...) contemplated in the American Convention on Human Rights or in the respective international treaty. Other authors advocate the incorporation of the doctrine of the margin of appreciation by the Inter-American Court as a way to better articulate the inter-American political community. After reviewing the doctrinal positions in this regard, I will argue that the use of the doctrine of the margin of appreciation in cases of multicultural type may imply the invisibility of existing tensions within national communities, where many times, the culture and practices of The minorities indicated are belittled by the majority or hegemonic culture. This is the case of the indigenous and migrant population in the American context, so the use of the margin of appreciation doctrine in this type of cases may imply that international courts validate the violation of the human rights of minorities within of the States. In that sense, the work will argue that a limited application of the national margin of appreciation in multicultural cases of vulnerable groups, allowing regional human rights courts to protect ethnic, religious and cultural minorities against the established internal discrimination or against the violation of the rights protected in the American Convention of Human Rights. (shrink)

El aburrimiento profundo fue para Cioran una experiencia fundamental que marcó su vida y obra. Este artículo explora la relación que existe entre el aburrimiento profundo, la caída en el tiempo cioraniana y la revelación lúcida del sinsentido universal. Para iniciar el itinerario de esta exploración, se comienza por contextualizar sucintamente el estilo y las obsesiones de Cioran. En segundo término, se contrastará la percepción y consciencia del tiempo entre los individuos integrados en él y los que han caído por (...) debajo, a una eternidad negativa. En tercer lugar, se analizará la experiencia del aburrimiento profundo a la que desembocan los caídos del tiempo, en dicho estancamiento existencial se revela lúcidamente el sinsentido. Por último, se enfatizará en la valoración positiva que tendrá Cioran del aburrimiento, reconociendo sus beneficios como una instancia de máximo desengaño que sirve de preámbulo a la creación escritural para denunciar sus revelaciones. (shrink)

Emil CIORAN Traducción y prólogo de Christian Santacroce Hermida Editores 2018, 104 pp. Madrid ISBN: 978-84-948365-0-3.

En la filosofía de Heidegger se encuentra un diagnóstico de nuestro tiempo problemático que él llamó das Gestell, es decir, la esencia de la era técnica. Esta esencia es una peligrosa destinación del Ser porque implica olvidar nuestra condición de mortales. Frente a ello, Heidegger tiene una propuesta: serenidad. Por medio de esta actitud se consigue recordar nuestra mortalidad olvidada y recuperar nuestra posición en otra destinación del Ser: das Geviert, es decir, la cuaternidad. En esta destinación necesitamos dejarnos ser (...) lo que esencialmente somos y habitar como mortales sobre la tierra. (shrink)

I argue that the familiar picture of the rise of analytic philosophy through the early work of G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell is incomplete and to some degree erroneous. Archival evidence suggests that a considerable influence on Moore, especially evident in his 1899 paper ‘The nature of judgment,’ comes from the literature in nineteenth-century empirical psychology rather than nineteenth-century neo-Hegelianism, as is widely believed. I argue that the conceptual influences of Moore’s paper are more likely to have had their (...) source in the work of two of Moore’s teachers, G. F. Stout and James Ward. What may be called an anti-psychologism about psychology characterizes the work of these and other psychologists of the period. I argue that the anti-psychologism that is the main aim of Moore’s early theory of judgment is an adaptation of this notion, which is significantly dissimilar from the notion defended by Bradley, traditionally thought to have been a key influence on Moore.Keywords: G. E. Moore; Bertrand Russell; Propositions; Anti-psychologism; Early analytic philosophy; G. F. Stout. (shrink)

This book argues that political libertarianism can be grounded in widely shared, everyday moral beliefs--particularly in strictures against shifting our burdens onto others. It also seeks to connect these philosophical arguments with related work in economics, history, and politics for a wide-ranging discussion of political economy.

Moore and Russell’s philosophical and personal paths through the early years of the twentieth century make a fascinating chronicle. Some of this story is familiar; but material from the unpublished Moore papers adds new and forceful detail to the account. It is a commonplace by now that Russell and Moore were not friends, although they maintained a long professional association. Their most intellectually intimate phase came early on, reaching a peak in 1897–99. But I show that during this period Moore (...) developed an indisputable antagonism toward Russell, which I argue was motivated by a form of intellectual self-preservation from the Russellian juggernaut. This paper examines aspects of the development of their views and their relationship between 1894 and 1901. (shrink)

This article discusses how cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) for sustainability manage the paradoxical tension between stakeholder inclusiveness and administrative efficiency. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study of a CSP focused on urban sustainability, we show how the inclusiveness–efficiency paradox unfolded throughout the studied collaboration. We discuss how the paradox reemerged in a different guise within each phase of the partnership and how three practices of paradox management helped actors to cope with the tension: “customized inviting” (during the formation phase), (...) “sequential including” (during the preparation phase), and “tailored instructing” (during the implementation phase). On the basis of these findings, we argue that (a) the paradox reoccurred throughout the phases of the CSP because the three paradox management practices accentuated boundaries, thereby helping to resolve the paradox temporarily while at the same time creating grounds for the paradox to resurface, and (b) that the three paradox management practices can be theorized as a special type of boundary work that “plays up” relevant differences between actor groups and thereby ensures collaboration. (shrink)

Introduction: This study explores how learning experiences at public universities impact the development of critical thinking in early education students in 2023. Objective: To determine the influence of learning experiences on the critical thinking of early education students, identifying effective didactic strategies for its promotion. Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 247 early education students across various public universities in Peru through structured surveys. These surveys were designed to measure students' perceptions of their learning experiences and their (...) impact on critical thinking, including items related to communicative, reflective, and problem-solving competencies. The instruments' validation was ensured through reliability and validity analysis, and data were statistically analyzed using SPSS V.25 software to examine the relationships between variables. Results: The findings indicated a positive and significant correlation between carefully designed learning experiences and the enhancement of students' critical thinking. This link underscores the critical value of adopting didactic strategies focused on fostering critical thinking, showing that when students are immersed in learning environments that challenge their abilities and promote reflection, their capacity to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information significantly improves. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity for universities to continuously implement and adapt their pedagogical methods to foster meaningful and critical learning. This research contributes to understanding how educational experiences can be designed to enhance critical thinking, providing a foundation for future curricular and pedagogical developments in higher education. (shrink)

Learning disabilities are highly prevalent on college campuses, yet students with learning disabilities graduate at lower rates than those without disabilities. Academic and psychosocial supports are essential for overcoming challenges and for improving postsecondary educational opportunities for students with learning disabilities. A holistic, multi-level model of campus-based supports was established to facilitate culture and practice changes at the institutional level, while concurrently bolstering mentors’ abilities to provide learning disability-knowledgeable support, and simultaneously creating opportunities for students’ personal and interpersonal development. Mixed (...) methods were used to investigate implementation of coordinated personal, interpersonal, and institutional level supports for undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students with learning disabilities. A one-group pre-test post-test strategy was used to examine undergraduate outcomes. Participants included 52 STEM undergraduates with learning disabilities, 57 STEM graduate student mentors, 34 STEM faculty mentors, and 34 university administrators and personnel as members of a university-wide council. Enrolled for two years, undergraduates were engaged in group meetings involving psychoeducation and reflective discussions, development of self-advocacy projects, and individual mentorship. Undergraduates reported improved self efficacy (p =.001), campus connection (p <.001), professional development (p ≤.002), and self advocacy (p <.001) after two academic years. Graduate student mentors increased their understanding about learning disabilities and used their understanding to support both their mentees and other students they worked with. Council members identified and created opportunities for delivering learning disability-related trainings to faculty, mentors and advisors on campus, and for enhancing coordination of student services related to learning and related disorders. Disability-focused activities became integrated in broader campus activities regarding diversity. This research explicates a role that college campuses can play in fostering the wellbeing and the academic and career development of its students with developmental learning and related disorders. It offers an empirically tested campus-based model that is multilevel, holistic, and strengths-based for supporting positive outcomes of young people with learning disabilities in STEM. Moreover, findings advance the knowledge of supports and skills that are important for self-regulating and navigating complex and multi-faceted disability-related challenges within both the post-secondary educational environment and the young adults’ sociocultural context. (shrink)

Externalistic theses about the nature of content appear to have untoward consequences for the role of content in folk pscyhological causal explanation. Given the predominance of Twin Earth formulations of externalism, however, the explanatory role problem is often construed as the problem of content's failure to supervene on intrinsic states of the head. In this paper I argue that this is misleading. The most general formulation of externalsim is shown to be independent of any supervenience claims. The result is that (...) all concepts can be shown to be both externalist in individuation and irrelevant in causal explanation, whether or not they fail to supervene on intrinsinc states. (shrink)

Contrary to appearances, semantic innocence can be claimed for a Fregean account of the semantics of expressions in indirect discourse. Given externalism about meaning, an expression that refers to its ordinary sense in an opaque context refers, ultimately, to its "references"; for, on this view, the reference of an expression directly determines its meaning. Externalism seems to have similar consequences for the truth-conditions of analytic sentences. If reference determines meaning, how can we distinguish a class of sentences as true in (...) virtue of meaning alone? The paper closes by hinting at an account of analyticity from an externalist perspective. (shrink)

Most people don’t want their teachers, scientists, or journalists to be too ideological. Calling someone an “ideologue” isn’t a compliment. But what is ideology and why exactly is it a threat? I propose that ideology is fruitfully understood in terms of three ingredients: a basic moral claim, a worldview built on top of that claim, and the attempt to politicize this worldview by injecting it into social institutions. I further argue that the central danger of ideology is that activating these (...) three ingredients tends to undermine liberal social institutions. And yet a certain amount of ideology is both unavoidable and desirable, as I show, since it supplies us with important goods like social cohesion and mobilization. This means the best we can do is to try and set boundaries on ideology. (shrink)

Can sociology comprehend evil? The contemporary relevance of Kurt H. Wolff’s sociology is his lucid, critical vision of modernity which does not shy away from understanding what evil is. This is accompanied not by pessimism, but by trust in human beings and their positive ability to appeal to the moral conscience. Read today, Wolff’s pages must be placed in the category of a new understanding of the human subject and the diagnosis of our time, the request for which threads in (...) and out of contemporary social theory. Awareness of history, rejection of sociological nominalism, emphasis upon the role of the human subject in an unprecedented situation: in Wolff, these themes converge and invite us to open ourselves to the re-enchantment of the world. After describing with some detail the main concepts of Wolff’s sociological theory and phenomenological approach, the paper suggests a reading of the re-enchantment of the world in terms of a sociological confrontation with evil, which has all too often been bypassed by sociology. We cannot grasp the evildoer's motivations from the perspective of an autonomous, rationally disengaged and masterful subject which tends to eclipse emotive and embodied senses of selfhood. By suspending the taken-for-granted definitions which exist in mainstream literature, by making an excruciating effort in looking at or reading detailed descriptions of evildoing, by assuming the victim’s suffering as part of our sociological explanation, we can start understanding what evil is today and in what way it is connected to modernity. (shrink)

Following Alvesson and Kärreman's influential essay on the modes and interpretation of organizational discourse, this article reports on a longitudinal study of naturally occurring interactions that took place before, during, and after a meeting between representatives of Médecins sans Frontières, a well-known humanitarian organization, and representatives of local health centers in a region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This episode is used to exemplify the fruitfulness of adopting a view that incorporates two dimensions of discourse, that is, what Alvesson (...) and Kärreman identify as its transient and muscular nature. The longitudinal aspect of our study allows us to show what interactants accomplish in particular settings, while illustrating a crucial aspect of the trans-local dimension of their talk. As shown in this article, a given Discourse must be embodied, materialized or even incarnated in discourses, that is, tokens of text or talk, in order for it to be reproduced, sustained and transported from one point to another, that is, to become what Latour calls an immutable mobile. A given Discourse can thus maintain its shape across time and space only if a lot of interactive work is done to assure the stability of its associations in the ordinary day-to-day activity of the people who embody it. (shrink)

This brief text assists students in understanding Fodor's philosophy and thinking so they can more fully engage in useful, intelligent class dialogue and improve their understanding of course content. Part of the Wadsworth Notes Series, (which will eventually consist of approximately 100 titles, each focusing on a single "thinker" from ancient times to the present), ON FODOR is written by a philosopher deeply versed in the philosophy of this key thinker. Like other books in the series, this concise book offers (...) sufficient insight into the thinking of a notable philosopher, better enabling students to engage in reading and to discuss the material in class and on paper. (shrink)

I argue that Alisa Carse's call for antipornography legislation sets a potentially dangerous legal move that could threaten to shut off the dialogue women need to redefine the meanings and terms of our sexualities. I also argue that the terms of legitimacy need to be re-examined outside a legal system that systematically fails to protect the rights of sexual minorities.